One of the most ornamental and functional vines where a close screen or shade is desired is the wild cucumber or balsam apple (Echinocystis lobata). Its rapid growth, as much as 10′ or 12′ feet a season, large leaves, and clusters of small greenish-white flowers followed by unusual fruit make it desirable.
Native to North and South America, this annual vine is commonly found throughout the Alleghenies, where it bedecks shrubs and bushes along mountain streams.
However, it is equally at home under cultivation, where it will thrive over fences, arbors, or trellises, quickly providing pleasing shade. The 3- to 5-lobed leaves resemble those of the cultivated cucumber.
The fruit of the wild cucumber is fascinating. Round, spiny, fleshy green balls about 2″ inches long hang in profusion from the vines.
The enclosed seeds form a continuous source of new stock. Since this is an annual vine, it dies entirely in winter.
The spring-sown seed will germinate in about three weeks in average garden soil. Transplanted into permanent locations, the plants will grow quickly and luxuriantly. Full sun or light shade pleases them.
No special cultural treatment is required. While the wild cucumber enjoys water during a dry season, it will thrive with little or no attention and is not subject to diseases or insect attacks.
Thus it competes successfully with perennial climbers for front rank among vines notable for short maturity and all-season beauty.
44659 by Martha Pratt Haislip